Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is an inflammatory condition that primarily affects the muscles and joints, most commonly in the neck, shoulders, and pelvic girdle. It typically occurs in older adults and is characterized by widespread muscle pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility, especially in the morning or after periods of rest. While the exact cause is not […]

A hernia occurs when an organ or tissue pushes through the wall of the cavity in which it normally resides, often forming a small, palpable lump. While some hernias cause discomfort or pain, others may remain asymptomatic. The type of hernia is classified according to its location. Inguinal hernia: The most common type, where part […]

  Tendonitis is a painful musculoskeletal condition caused by inflammation of the tendons—the connective tissues that attach muscles to bones. It typically occurs after repetitive or excessive movement, which places stress on the tendon. Over time, the tendon may tighten and the fibers can start to tear, resulting in chronic inflammation, pain, swelling, heat, stiffness, […]

Musculoskeletal injuries such as torn tendons, degenerated cartilage, or joint trauma can be extremely debilitating. Because tendons and cartilage are largely avascular (having little to no blood supply), healing can take a significant amount of time. Pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility are common, affecting daily life and physical activities, including sports like surfing. The goal […]